Wheel-turning lathe



uan, 13.

1,522,769 F. DUSTAN WHEEL TURNING LAT'HE Filed June 14 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 jiiwew' Era/M Duda/7.

. Jan. 13. 1925. 1,522,769

.F. DusTAN WHEEL TURN ING LATHE Filed June 14 192% 3 Sheets-Sheet- 5 lill Patented Jan. 13, 1925.

,FRANK DUSTN; orf rimanesse; Massacnusarrs; Serenna` To ,Manuf-LNG," wanner/icona; inc or Nnwvonlx; 2N. Y.,A CORPORATION or rNEW' JERSEY.'

WHEELTUBNING' LATHE.

Application filed June '14,

locomotive trailer wheel lathes and 'more particularly towo'rk centering ymeans therefor. 1 l

Machines of this character-farev employed it'or the tui-ning down of fthe tiresof railway coach, truck andy locomotivetrailer -wheelsV in order kto reduce thelwearing surfacefof suchwheels are ixedly secured to their axles, and it isY thus necessary, in dressing-a' tire, to mount a pair of' wheelswith their con necting axle in the lathe.,y Itis,of course,

desirable to turn down' vthe wheels so thatl the tread surfaces shall `be concentricywith the axis of the wheel journal, andthus it is `requisite to provide theflathe with centering mea-ns for such journals. As the journalH surfaces of the axles are Lturned smooth and true, it is impracticable to apply to such axles the usual formA of centering and driving chuck, as to` do so might result inthe scoring or roughening of the journal surface.` One `mode of centering coach-wheel axles without employing a chuck has been to provide thelathe with a face plate having a centralopening of ya size sufficient toreceive the journal portion oit' the axle. For centering the journal insuch opening, a socalled journal bushing hasbcen employed, said bushing consisting of an accurately machined collar,- rlongitudinally split into two or more segments, theA segments 'being secured togetherv by a spring band orsimilar means.' Vhile this arrangement is satisfactory,A in so far as the accurate centering of the journalis concerned, it is necessary for the workman to apply suchy bushing manually tolthe journal preparatory to mounting the axle` inv the-lathe. Theparts of such'bushing are necessarily heavy andthesjning band employed is of suchstrength `as to require 'fthe' exertion of considerable force in snapping Lthe assembledA bushing -f over theend of the axle.` The difficulty in applying," the' bushing Ithus slows'down and increases the cost of thev process,l Further.

1921. serial 110.5471446@ handling accorded them by theworlr'men.

Ast is necessary to provide a complete bushing for each journal, the maintenance oit a proper equipment of such bushingsxthus becomes a matter ofl considerable moment. lllhen theturniug operation is completed, it is oftena d'il'licult matter to remove the bushing and the workman,frequently injures the journal surface in attempting to pry the bushing'olf.

The ,principalv objectof theinvention is Ito overcome` the difficulties incident to the 'employment of a journal bushing such as such tlres tothe properr contour.Y` CommonlyA` "above described "and tofexpedite the process ot centering the Wheel axle in the lathe, while at the same time avoiding the use of l means v'such as'might cause 'injury to the' finished ournal surface, as Well as reducing 'these jaws. The opposed faces of the jaws may be-provided with dovetail slots or equivaient means whereby bearing shoes of (lillerent sizes, for use in centering journals of different diameters, may be connected thereto, such'shoes having smooth,`journal engaginggiaces. The shoes may be relatively small and 'light as compared with the busl1- ing` segments previously employed, and thus Amay be made at less initial expense, and by reason ofthe greater ease in hand-ling them, they are less liable to injury by carelessness on the part of the workman. kThe face platey of the lathe may be provided with any de sired type of wheel engaging driving dog, by means of which thewheel and axle are rotated during the turning operation, thus avoiding' any. possibility yof injury to the kjournal surface by the application of driving pressure'thereto. i j v ,A

lVhile the opening in the face plate is usually' of adiameter" to accommodate journalsot' ordinary sizes, itinay notV besufficiently large, to vhouse centering jaws oi a ino size to accommodate very large journals, such as those of locomotive trailers. Ay further object of the invention is to provide means whereby suoli large journals, oi in fact any shaft which it is desired to support onk centers, may be mounted in the lathe without substantial change in the latter. To this end the jaw carrying plate may be so connected to the internal spindle as to permit of its ready separation therefrom, and the latter spindle may be formed with a conical socket for the reception of a lathe center of usual form.y

As the journals of pony truck wheels are located between the wheels, it is also necessary to mount the axles for such wheels on centers. Moreover, as the axle terminates substantially in the plane of the outer face of the wheel, it is necessary that the lathe center project beyond the face plate, but with a lathe of the type hereinbefore described, the presence of the large opening at the center of the face plate makes it diflicult properly to support a lathe center at the desired position for such work. A further object of the present invention is to provide a lathe of the type referred to above with means whereby a protruding center may be properly supported with relation to the lathe spindle and face plate. As one mode of accomplishing this result, an extension spindle may be provided, such spindle having a conical portion to interfit with the socket of the aforementioned internal spindle., and with a cylindrical enlargement or head adapted slidingly to engage the inner wall of the opening of the face plate and to be centered thereby. Such extension spindle or the head portion thereof may be provided with a conical socketv or other suitable device for retaining an ordinary lathe center in proper relation thereto. As conducive to the efficient employment of the lathe when using centers in accordance with either of the above arrangements, the internal spindle of the lathe may be so mounted as to permit of its longitudinal adjustment, thus periiiitting'the proper positioning of the center in accordance with the requirements of the work.

A preferred arrangement for carrying the above objects into effect is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-- F ig. 1 is a longitudinal cross section through the head-stock end of the lathe illustrating the centering device as holding the end of a coach wheel axle in operative position;

Fig. 2 is a transverse cross section on the line cL-b of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a transverse cross section onthe line c-Z of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal cross section simito Fig. 1 but illustrating a device as arnged for manipulating work of large size and showing' the centering device as removed and a lathe center as replacing the same;

Fig. 5 is also a longitudinal cross section illustrating a device as arranged for operation upon wheels having internal journals and showing the application of an extension spindle provided with a lathe center;

Fig. 6 is a transverse cross section taken on a line e-f of Fig. 5; and

Fig. 7 is a detail longitudinal cross section to enlarged scale illustrating the interior construction of a motor device employed.

The supporting frame of the head stock of the lathe is indicated at 1, it being understood however that the tail stock and associated parts, not herein illustrated, are of substantially duplicate construction, the only essential difference being'that the tail stock is longitudinally movable in well known manner along the lathe bed. The lathe is provided with a longitudinally extending drive shaft 1a having a gear 1" by means of which it is driven, and having pinions such as 7a for imparting movement to the head and tail stock spindles, respectively. The head and tail stock frames are each provided with beariiigs,'such as 2, 3, wherein are mounted hollow spindles such as 4. As the head and tail stocks are of substantially like construction as above pointed out, the following description will be confined to an explanation of the head stock mechanism as illustrated.

At 5 is indicated a thrust bearing rfor taking up end-thrust of the spindle. As herein described, the spindle is provided with an end face plate 6 having secured thereto the driving gear 7 meshing with the pinion 7 a on drive shaft la. Such face plate may serve to support work-engaging dogs 8 of any desired character, but preferably of an automatic type. The face plate is provided with a central aperture 9 in which is seated a collar 10, suoli collar being provided with a seat 10 in which is mounted an annular ring 11, having its inner surface bevelled as indicated at 12, to provide a cam face. The spindle 4 is provided with a bore which decreases progrcssively in diameter from the face plate toward its opposite end, as indicated at 13, 14 and 15, respectively. A sleeve device is mounted within the spindle, such device comprising `the parts 17 and 18 secured to: gether as by means of the plate 19 and bolts 19a. The part 17 is of a diameter such as to fit within the portion 14 of the bore of the hollow spindle 4, being slidable longitudinally therein. This part 17 of the sleeve device is provided with a longitudinal groove 2O with which engages a key inem-V ber 21, whereby the sleeve `device is caused to rotate with the spindle 4. Tothe end 2Q of the spindle 4 is secured a plate 23,

kbolts 9A, beingprovidedtoilseciuiing. such..l

Integral with the plate 2.3%

parts together.

is a sleeve 25 which` surrunds 4the outer portion 18. ot' the yaltoremeijitioned sleevede.- o vice,y and adjacent its outer extremity: saith sleeve .25 lisi vjl'nfovided with- -an .annulan The outer end; of `the.-sleeve. member 1S is externally screw-threaded asf;

groove ,26.

indicated at 27, Aandv engaging such'iscrewthreaded` portion is a nut device .28. preferably in the yform of a. vwheel having handles 29I whereby it mayjbeturned. Thefhub of lthe. nut 28; is4 providedf with an annular groove 30. ingl flanges 32, 33 which engage :in the groove 26, 3Q, respectively, whereby tofprevent end wise inovenjient et theY nut 28 rela: 125 while permitting` tive to the member rotation ot such nut.`

To the outer extren'iity oit, the member 18' is secured acylinder Behav-mg therein. a4 piston 35, and at 36,37, respectively, are

indicated inlets 7 florA admitting pressure Huid to the opposite sides o flthe pist-on.` Any usual and well; knownwformzof.- valve mechanism may be employed for.` the,l manualI control of;r the admission of fluidthrough.

the inletsBG, 37, whereby 'toicauslea reciprocationV of the fpiston. 35 in. the. cylinderff;

Secured to rthe piston .SaisoneendgoffaglOd.-

38 which passes through the sleevemember 1S and has .screw-threaded engagement zas,- indicated at 39 with aninternalfspindle.-

device 4.0..'

This internalfr spindle device.'comprisesga `'substantially l.-c-'ylindrical portionv Yslidable within the sleevefmeii'iber- 17 `andalsoia portion Lil ot cylindrical form, but of,

Extending inwardly ,f

greater diameter. v from thelarger end oli-the portion elisa,

l conical andy axial'socket 42, liavingfay tapery suitable Yforfenagement witlra lathe-center'. of ordinary form; LTheenlarged'portion l1 l ot rthe spindle 1lOis of a diameter slidably to engage the inner surface of the bore 13,

in the-spindle l, whereby such enlarged portion is properly guided, but is limited infits outward movement byy engagement .withring l0. Theouterface of the memben Lil,

is preferably provided with a circular re-. cess 1143 within which is seated a plateqld.l Bolts, as 45, are provided whereby such( plate-mavybe removably secured: to fthe member lll.r The plate 44 constitutes a sup-rv port 4for a centering. chuck and@y for `thispurpose is provided,withl a, pluralitywo't pairs of outstanding lugs v4.6,y the .-lugs'Ojt each pair being `furnished Lwithr aligned; These openings l ser-ve ttor. the.

openings 47. reception ot pintle pins, such asf'48,upon

which arejournalled lugs 49 projecting;

Jfrom bell c-ranlrjle-vers comprising the long arms 50 and theI relatively short ,arm'syL The arms 51 of each ot such levers normally` extend substantially parallel to the outer At 31 is indicatedfafcollar hav-- face ofthe plateel, and! secured; in such arin is, a. pin 53'. which :servies to 'center a coil springi 552 interposed between. the arm andgthe adjacentisurtace of'V the plate all.

lVork-engaging. shoes 59 are' gageablewith--theygroovesS and whereby such shoes maybe rremovably i secured to .the

lever members 50. 'll-heinnerE `face of each.v .of-the shoes 59 is substantially smooth and preferably for-ined oirna` circulararqas. in-

dicatednat 61, wherebyproperly. toengage the work.v f f In the Aoperatioi'i ofthe mechanism as `thus far described, .it being assumed that.` the device is. tobe employed in:tlieuturningof coach wheels; such las indicated at- A, havi ngA axles ,B andgexternal journals .C, the-,mecha-` nism will be. arrangedzas indicatedat Fig.

l, wherein the; platel Litis shownas. secured tothe internalvspindle 40,- and the'centerf .'ingjaws are shown as lying/within the. opening inl theace plate andwvith their` cani surfaces 57.` engaging the cani. surface of-;tl1ering 11. Insetting uptheyworl` in the lathe the wheels'v-aregslung; into. position so that n the ournal C entersthe chuck' aty the head; s tocjkcnd.'` Thev tail stock ofjthelathe is then broughti into position, thus entering the opposite. .journali in the centering -ehuclz 0fthe tailfstock,L As the springs serve normally to expandwtheY centering jaws oi the .c-lrucl, it is evident that the journal@ mayy passffreely between such jaws. The.

operator. now. manipulates the proper-valve inechanisrnwliereby admitting `air ror other pressure fluid .tothe cylinder Sel at each end.

oftlieqmachinen Asjeaclrotsuch cylinders is normallyl fixed as respects.movementflon- -gitu'di-nall-yof'thelathe spindle, except. by

manipulation,ofthe hand .wheel onthe nut 28, theA admission of pressurefluid-to the righthandend cfa cylinder such as herein illustrated will cause the v movement of the l Y piston 35 to. the left, thuspullingupon the roda 38, and thereby through the internal:y

spindlell() and .platedi retractingl the chuck y jaws within thev spindle. 1 The cam surfaces of such; jaws, by i engagement with` thel .cam .surface ofi the `ring 11, 'serve..posit1vel.y and' n simultaneously to move such ja-vvs inwardly wherebylllle worl-engaging shoes are caused to bear upon the journal surface'C. As

these shoes are substantially smooth they have no tendency to bite into the journal surface ybut merely serve to center such ournal relatively to the spindle of the lathe. The driving dogs 8 are now brought into contact with the outer faces of the ywheels and the tires are turned down in the usual manner. Upon the completion of the turning operation, manipulation of the proper valves permits pressure fluid to enter the left-hand end of the cylinder 34, thus moving the rod 88 to the right and projecting the jaws of the chuck outwardly from 'the face plate, thus enabling the springs 52 to expand the jaws whereby the work may be freely removed from between the same, a similar' operation taking place at the tail stock centering device.

It is thus clear that centering means has been provided of. a character such as to permit of the proper centering of coach wheels having external journals without the necessity of employing centering means such as must be applied to the journal previous to the mounting of the wheels in a lathe, the centering device herein provided being movable quickly to and from its operative engagement with the work and requiring no special effort on the part of the operator. At the same time such centering device is of a character such as to avoid any marring or deformation of the work, the driving of the latter being entirely accomplished` by the use of driving dogs independent of such centering` mechanism; It is also clear that when ournals` of other sizes are to be manipulated, it is merely necessary to remove the relatively small work-engaging shoes from the chuck jaws and to substitute therefor shoes of a different thickness and such as are suitable for the particular work'to be done.

Under some circumstances, as for example, in the turning down of locomotive trailer wheels, the axles of which are of relativelyT large size, it maybe found inexpedient to provide the lathe face plate with a central aperture of a size sufficient to house a centering chuck suitable for holding a journal of such large diameter, and to permit the lathe to be employed in manipulating such trailer wheels, the chuck has been removably supported within the lathe spindle as above pointed out. Vhen, therefore, it is desired to use the lathe for such work, the operator by manipulating the hand wheel and nut 28 pushes the internal spindle 40 outwardly toward the outer surface of the face plate as indicated in Fig. 4. Vhen in its outer position, the operator may introduce a wrench for removing the bolts 45, whereupon the entire centering chuck may be removed. A lathe center X of ordinary form may now be inserted in the socket 42 and the trailer kjournal C inserted within the opening in the ring 10, with its end engaging such center.

As at times such lathes may be employed for turning pony truck wheels which have the journal portion of the axle arranged between the wheels, the centering devices hereinbefore referred to would be of no avail, as the centering chuck could not engage such journal surface nor could the ordinary center located within the socket 42 reach outwardly to a suilicient distance to engage the end of the wheel axle which end lies substantially in the plane of the outer face of the wheel.

For permitting the turning of such wheels the following arrangement may be employed, as indicated in F ig. 5. An extension spindle 62 is provided having a taper portion 63 at one end, adapted for engagement with the socket 42 of the spindle 40. This extension spindle comprises a substantially cylindrical body having adjacent one end an enlarged portion 64 provided with a peripheral bearing surface 65 adapted to fit snugly within the bore 66 of the ring lO, and to be guided thereby. rlhe extension spindle 62 is provided at its outer end with a taper socket 67 in which may be seated an ordinary lathe center 68 provided with a conical end 69 for engagement with the end of the wheel axle C2. lhen this arrangement is to be used, the centering chuck is removed in the manner above described and the operator inserts the extension spindle G2 within the hollow lathe spindle with its taper pin 63 engaging the socket 42 and with its surface 65 engaging the surface 66 of the ring l0. As thus arranged, the operator, by manipulation of the hand wheel and nut 28, may move the sleeve device comprising the members 17, 18V and the internal spindle 40 outwardly and inwardly, whereby to position the point 69 of the lathe center at the proper position for engagement with the work.

It is thus clear that the lathe has been provide-d with means whereby wheels of various types may properly be centered therein, such means being readily interchangeable'and requiring no special care or skill on the part of the operator for making such interchange.

Although I have illustrated and described only one form of the invention and shown only three applications of it, I am aware of the fact that modifications can be made therein by any person skilled in the ar-t without departing from the scope of the invention as expressed in the claims.

Having thus described the invention in a preferred embodiment of the same together with the make and use thereof, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is;

iaarfee' l'.j gwheelftu-rn'ing lathe havingV a tace plate'anda centciing'chuck associatetl'therewith,said'ychuck comprisinga plurality of relatively movable jaws, each* otsaid jaws `having a longitudinal dove-tail slot therein, and bearing shoes provided with ribs vinterfitting with therespective slotssothat they 'canfbe removed in an axialfdirection and having substantially smooth, work ,engagingi'aces.y Y 'iwheelturning lathe comprising an internall vspindle lia-yinga'` support secured tolone' end thereof, a plurality of'relatively movable levers `'pi votally securedto said support, each'kprovided'with a'work engaging jaw resilient meansmormally ltendingto move saidv jaws away froml 7the laxis',ofthe spindle, and means whereby said' jaws may simultaneously be y. caused to approach said axis.' l f j 3. In combination in` a wheel-turning lathe having a hollow spindle and a centrally apertured faceplate secured thereto, work centering means arranged within the aperture in lsaid face plate, a support forr said work centering means, and means eX- tending through said hollow spindle for connecting such work centering means with 'a pneumatic actuating device'theretor.

4l. A wheel-turning lathe of the class described comprising a hollow spindle having a vface plate thereon, a sleeve slidab-le inthe spindle, a supporting member secured to the v end of said sleeve, clutch jaws pivotally secured to said support, means for reciprocat-y ing said sleeve within said spindle, and cooperating cam elements carried by said spin dle and said jaws respectively, whereby,

' upon movement of saidsleeve, said jaws are sin'iultaneously rocked.

wheel-turning lathe having Aa hollow spindle, `an internal spindle 'slidable therein and having an aXial socket in itscnd, a support removably secured to the end of said internal spindle and normally covering said socket, and clutch elements mounted on said support. v

6. A wheel-turning lathe having a hollow spindle provided with a .centrally apertured vtace plate, an internal spindle movable toward and from said face plate, means for so moving said spindle, a centering chuck comprising a support secured to said internal spindle, jawkmembers movably secured to said support, and cam means carried bysaid tace plate and engaging said jaws, whereby, upon movement of said internal spindle, said` jaws are caused to approach one another. l

7. A wheel-turning lathe comprising an :internal spindle, a plate'removably 'secured to the end of said spindle, pairs of radially disposed lugs outstanding from one face of said plate, bell-crank lever memberspivoted oetween the lugs ofeach olf-said` pairs, spring said internal spindlehavingan axial socket, means for positively and,"simultaneously iiiipartingjsimilar movement to said sleeve and internal spindle, and meansffor kmoving said latte-r spindle relatively to saidjsleeve; 9.A A wheel-turninglathe having'a hollowT spindleprovided with a; centrally aperturedr face plate', a sleeve device slidable in said spindle,`f`"ineai`is ,constraining said sleeve to rotate with the spindle, aninternal spindle slidable" within saidk sleeve, and4 having a plate seeured to its end, movable clutch jaws mounted upon said plate, cam means mounted upon said hollow spindle and engaging said jaws, a rod passing into said sleeve and having` one extremity secured to said internal spindle, andmeans engaging rly apertured face plate thereon, a multiplejaw work-centering chuck arranged within the aperture ot said spindle, the jaws of said chuck being provided with cam faces, a cam ring arranged concentrically with said aperture and'engageable with the cam faces ot" said jaws, a supporty arranged within the spindle and upon which said jaws are movably mounted, a rod having one end thereof connected to said support and extending through said spindle, a piston secured to the opposite end of said rod, a .cylinder normally bearing a fixed relationship to said spindle and enclosing said pistou, and means whereby pressure fluid may be admitted to said cylinder for actuating said piston.

ll. A wheel-turning lathe comprising a hollow spindle, a multi-jaw centering chuck arranged therein, means for supporting said chuck, manually actuable means for bodily displacing said supporting means and said chuck relatively to the spindle, and means ior actuating the chuck jaws independently oi' said manually actuable means.

1Q. A wheelfturning lathe having a hollow spindle, a sleeve device slidable longitudinally of said spindle, an internal spindle slidable within' a portion of said sleeve device, said sleeve device having an externally screw threaded portion, a manually adjustable nut rotatably connected to said hollow spindle and engaging said screw threads whereby upon rotation of said nutrelatively yspindle slidably mounted within said sleeve,

llO

tothe hollow spindle, said sleeve device may be adjusted longitudinally of said spindle.

E13. A. wheel-turning lathe of the class described comprising a hollow spindle, a sleeve device slidable therein, said sleeve device comprising a portion extending beyond the end of said spindle and being eX- ternally screw threaded, a hand wheel rotatably mounted upon the end of said spindle and secured against endvvise movement relative thereto, said hand wheel having an internally threaded bore engaging the threads of said sleeve, and an internal spindle arr ranged within said hollow spindle and slidably engaging aA portion of said sleeve.

1 4. A wheel-turning lathe comprising a hollow Spindle, a sleeve device therein providing guide means for an internal spindle7 means normally operative to prevent longimounted upon the extremity of said sleeve, s`

and a piston Within said cylinder having connection to the opositeend of said rod.

' 15.1K wheel-'turning lathe comprising a hollow spindle and a centrally apertured face plate having work driving dogs there- 1 on, means associated with said spindle and face plate .for holding a work centering chuck arranged within the aperture of said face plate, and an internally arranged spindle device having a socket for holding a lathe center.

Signed by me at Fitchburg, Mass., this ninth day of J une, 1921.

FRANK DUSTAN. 

